Dynamics
Pianissimo Very soft
Piano Soft
Mezzo piano Moderately soft
Mezzo forte Moderately loud
Forte Loud
Fortissimo Very loud
Crescendo Increasing in loudness
Decrescendo Decreasing in loudness
Diminuendo Diminishing in loudness
Rinforzando Sudden increase in loudness
Sforzando Play the note with sudden emphasis
Style
Amoroso tender and affectionate
Animato animated; lively
Calando gradually softer and slower
Cantabile in a singing style
Con Anima with life and animation
Con Brio with vigor and spirit
Con Fuoco with energy or passion
Deciso decisively
Detache detached
Dolce sweetly
Doloroso sorrowfully
Espressivo expressively
Furioso furious
Giocoso humorous
Grandioso with grandeur
Grazioso gracefully
Legato smooth and connected
Leggiero lightly
Maestoso majestically
Marcato marked and stressed
Marzial in the style of a march
Morendo dying away
Perdendosi dying away
Pesante heavy
Religioso religious, solemn
Rubato taken out of tempo
Semplice simple
Sempre always, continuously
Sostenuto sustained
Soto voce in an undertone
Staccato short and detached
Tenuto sustained, held for full value
Tranquillo tranquil
Articulation
Staccato a dot placed above or below a note means to play it short
Slur a curved line either above or below notes that connects two
different pitches that are to be played smoothly
Tie a curved line either above or below two of the same notes
indicating not to attack the second note
Tenuto a line above or below the note means to play the full value of the note
Accent an accent placed above or below the note means to emphasise the not
Breath Mark an apostrophe placed above the staff means to take a breath
Clarity Terms
Assai very
Con with
L'istesso tempo same tempo
Meno less
Mosso moved, agitated
Non troppo not too much
Piu mosso faster
Poco little
Poco a poco little by little
Sempre always
Simile in the same manner
Subito suddenly
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